Nta muntu n’umwe ukunda ko hagira umuntu n’umwe winjira mu mashini (laptop) ye akavogera amadosiye ye nk’inyandiko. Umutekano w’amakuru yawe ni ingenzi!
Iyi niyo mpamvu ukeneye umutekano uhagije, ushobora kwifashisha ijambo ry’ibanga mu madosiye yawe cyane cyane abitsemo amakuru wumva ko adakwiye kumenywa na buri wese.
Urugero: Iyi PDF iri munsi ntushobora kuyifungura udakoresheje Password
Urabona ko bari kugusaba Password! Ngaho koresha “menya.co.rw” urabona ko ihita ifunguka.
Wari uzi ko ushobora gushyira ijambo ry’ibanga mu madosiye yawe ya PDF uyakuye muri Microsoft Word?
Mu ikoranabuhanga ijambo ry’ibanga (abenshi dukoresha Password) ni kimwe mu byintu bikoreshwa ahantu henshi hashoboka, muri telefone zacu, imashini zacu, kubikuza amafaranga haba kuri Mobile Money cyangwa muri ATM, gusura konti zawe z’imbugankoranyambaga ukoresha ndetse n’ahandi henshi ntarondoye.
Uko bigaragara ijambo ry’ibanga ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi umuntu wese ujyendana n’iterambere asigaye akoresha kenshi gashoboka mu buzima bwa burimunsi.
Ijambo ry’ibanga ni iki? Rimaze iki?
Ijambo ry’ibanga rikoreshwa mu byuma by’ikoranabuhanga akaba ari uruhererekane rw’inyuguti cyangwa imiba zigamije guhisha no kurinda amakuru y’ibanga ya muntu ahantu runaka.
Rishobora kuba rigizwe n’imibare gusa aribyo dukunze kwita PIN cyangwa umubare w’ibanga (urugero nko muri Mobile Money cyangwa ATM), amagambo gusa cyangwa se imibare ivanze n’amagambo (urugero nko ku mbuga, imbugankoranyambaga n’ahandi henshi).
Iri jambo rigomba kuba ari ibanga kandi rizwi na nyiraryo gusa kugira bimurinde ingaruka zo kuba yahura n’ibyago byo kwibwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.
Icyo imibare igaragaza ku ikoreshwa ry’ijambo ry’ibanga
Mu nyandiko ya Usenix yo mu 2016, bagaragaza ko abantu bakoresha mudasobwa bakoresha (bandika) password hagati y’inshuro 8 na 23 buri munsi.
Ibi bisobanuye ko kugeza ubu uko iterambere rikomeza kwaguka ari nako ibikenera ijambo ry’ibanga bizakomeza kwiyongera umunsi ku wundi.
Ariko ikibazo cy’ibanze wakabaye wibaza ni; hari icyo ijambo ry’ibanga rimaze ubundi?
Gushyira ijambo ry’ibanga ku nyandiko ya PDF wifashishije Microsoft Word
Ibi ni uburyo bworoshye kandi bwakoreshwa na buri wese, ariko ikintu cya mbere ugomba kumenya ni ukuba ufite inyandiko iri mu bwoko bwa Word (.doc, .docx, …).
Kuri iyi nshuro noneho ntago guhindura PDF muri Word, ahubwo turi guhindura Word muri PDF tukanayifungisha Password. Ibi turabikora mu ntambwe umunani gusa kuko bisaba igihe gito bihagije.
1. Fungura inyandiko yawe ya Word aho iherereye hose mu mashini yawe
2. Numara kuyifungura, ukande kuri “File” ibumoso mu nguni yo hejuru.
Nyuma yo gukanda kuri file harahita haza urutonde rw’ibindi bintu ushobora guhitamo (file menu).
3. Hepfo gato urabona ahanditse “Save as”, iri hagati ya Save na History.
Ukimara gukanda kuri Save As bahita bakuzanira akandi kadirishya kagaragaza ko ushaka gukora save (kubika) iyo nyandiko mu mashini.
4. Kanda ahantu handitse “Word Document”, aho niho hatuma uhitamo ubwoko uhinduramo inyandiko (urugero Word, PDF, XPS ndetse).
Nyuma yo gukanda kuri ako kamenyetso kareba hasi uhita ubona urutonde rurerure. Hitamo “PDF“.
5. Noneho iyo umaze guhitamo PDF hahita haza akantu gashya munsi kanditseho “Options…”. Gakandeho!
Iyo umaze gukanda kuri Options… hahita haza akand kadirishya gato kariho utuntu twinshi.
6. Manuka hasi hahera urabona ahanditse ngo “Encrypt this document with a Password”
Iyo umaze gukanda kuri Encrypt this document with a password hahita hazaho akamenyetso k’ubururu ko kwemeza (tick). Kanda kuri “OK”
7. Ukimara gukanda kuri OK hahita haza akandi kadirishya ko gushyiramo ijambo ry’ibanga, andikamo ijambo ushaka ry’ibanga wongere uryandike mu kazu ko hasi.
Icyitonderwa ni uko ijambo wanditse hasi mu kazu ko hejuru rigomba kuba risa n’iryo wanditse mu kazu ko hasi. Ukimara gushyiramo ijambo ryawe ry’ibanga uhita ukanda kuri OK.
8. Hitamo aho uri bubike inyandiko yawe ubundi ukande kuri “Save”
Aha biba birangiye byose. Ikintu cyanyuma wakora ni ukugerageza ukareba ko password washyizemo yakoze, ikibikubwira ni uko inyandiko ya PDF wakoze iyo uyifunguye ihita igusaba ijambo ry’ibanga.
Umusozo
Ntago bimenyerewe n’abantu benshi gukoresha ijambo ry’ibanga bafunga amadosiye yabo cyane cyane inyandiko, ariko burya rimwe na rimwe biba bikenewe kugira ngo wizere umutekano.
Niba ushaka umutekano ku nyandiko zawe igihe ugiye kuzigira PDF ni byiza ko ukoresha ubu buryo.
