Yego iyi gaze ishobora kuba iteye inkeke, abantu bakunze kurohama mu kiyaga cya Kivu mu buryo butumvikana, ariko iki sicyo cyago cyonyine iki kiyaga gishobora guteza ku binyabuzima n’abagituriye bitewe n’uko gituye mu gace k’ibirunga. Ariko nanone ku rundi ruhande iyi gaze ni ingirakamaro.
Ikiyaga cya Kivu ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari ku ku mugabane wa Afurika, iki kiyaga kiri ku rugabaniro rw’ibihugu bibiri; U Rwanda ndetse na Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo (DRC).
Kivu ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 90 n’ubugari bwa kilometero 50. Kikaba gifite ubuso bubarirwa muri kilometero kare 2,386. [1]Bärenbold F, Boehrer B, Grilli R, Mugisha A, von Tümpling W, Umutoni A, et al. (2020) No increasing risk of a limnic eruption at Lake Kivu: Intercomparison study reveals gas concentrations close to … Continue reading
Ikiyaga cya Kivu kizwi ho ubushobozi n’ubukana budasanzwe mu miterere yacyo, iki gifite umwuka uhumanya wa Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and n’uwa gaze metane (Methan Gas – CH4).
Kivu ni kimwe mu biyaga bifite ubu bukana, ibindi biyaga bibiri bisigaye biherereye mu gihugu cya Kameruni (Cameroon) aribyo Monoun na Nyos.
Kandi ikisumbuyeho ni uko ubu bukana bushobora no kuba ari icyago ku binyabuzima bituriye aho hafi.
Ikiyaga cya Kivu gikuba ibi biyaga bindi twavuze hejuru inshuro zirenga igihumbi mu bukana bwa CO2 na gaze metane. Kivu ifite metane irenga metero kibe miliyari 60 (60bn m3) na CO2 ingana na metero kibe miliyari 120 (120bn m3).
Burya ikiyaga cya kivu gifite ubushobozi bwo kuba cyaruka. Icyakora abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko bishobora gufata hagati y’imyaka 800 – 1000 kugira ngo ibi bibeho. [2]Schmid, M., Halbwachs, M., Wehrli, B., & Wüest, A. (2005). Weak mixing in Lake Kivu: new insights indicate increasing risk of uncontrolled gas eruption. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, … Continue reading
Bitavuze ko bidashoboka, kuko urugero ni uko ibiyaga twavuze hejuru bya Monoun na Nyos byarutse mu myaka ya 1980 na 1986 bikazamura imyotsi ihumanya ikirere bikavamo gupfa kw’ibinyabuzima byinshi byari byegereye ibyo biyaga.
Ni iki gitera iki kiyaga kugira ubukana?
Igitera ikiyaga cya Kivu kugira ubu bukana ni uko kiri mu gace k’ibirunga, bisobanuye ko izi gaze zose zinjira muri iki kiyaga ziturutse mu birunga.
Iyi myuka iyo igeze munsi y’ikiyaga nibwo itangira guhinduka gaze metane.
Ikiyaga cya Kivu n’ubwo gitunze abatari bacye ariko hari benshi bakunze kukibona nk’icyago bitewe n’abantu bagiye bahasiga ubuzima abanda bakaburirwa irengero.
Bivugwa ko izi gaze ziri muri iki kiyaga zishobora kuba zifite uruhare muri ibyo byago bikunda kugwirira abantu batandukanye baba abahasohokera cyangwa se abahaturiye bagwamo mu buryo budasobanutse.
Ubutunzi bwihishe mu bukana bwa Kivu
N’ubwo iki kiyaga gishobora kugaragara nk’ikiza cyangwa icyago, ariko ku rundi ruhande ni imari ishyushye ku Rwanda kugeza ubu kubera umushinga KivuWatt.
KivuWatt ni umushinga wa Kompanyi yitwa Contour Global, ukaba ari umwe mu mishinga minini y’ubucukuzi bwa gaze metane ku isi. Gaze idapfa ku buneka ahandi hose ku isi bitewe n’ubufindo ndangamiterere bisaba.
Uyu mushinga ugamije gucukura iyi gaze kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi ashobora gucanira abaturage bikaba byanagabanya iyangizwa ry’ibidukikije.
Uyu mushinga mu cyiciro cyawo cya mbere urateganya kubyaza iyi gaze ingufu z’amashanyarazi zingana na megawate 26. Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, aya mashanyarazi yacanira amazu yo guturamo akabakaba mu 10,000.
Icyiciro cya kabiri giteganyijwe kubyara ingufu z’amashanyarazi zingana na megawate 75, bizanazamura urwego rw’ingufu karemano u Rwanda rubasha gukora. KivuWatt icukura iyi gaze mu bujyakuzimu bwa metero 350 munsi y’ikiyaga.
Gaze metane yo mu Kivu iteganyijwe kuzabyara imbaraga z’umuriro w’amashanyarazi zingana na Megawate 700 mu gihe cy’imyaka 55.
Muri izo u Rwanda ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora megawate 350, izindi zisigaye zigakorwa na Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo (DRC).
U Rwanda kandi rwashyizeho akanama kihariye gashinzwe gukurikirana no kugenzura imirimo y’icukurwa ry’iyi gaze hubahirizwa amabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse n’abaturiye iki kiyaga.
Umusozo
N’ubuwo bikigoye gushyira mu bikorwa kubyaza umusaruro izi mbaraga zihishe mu kiyaga cya Kivu kubera uburyo bw’ubushobozi bw’amafaranga ndetse n’ubumenyi. Ariko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibi ari ibintu bishoboka cyane.
Ibi bigaragaza ko nta kabuza u Rwanda rushyize imbaraga mu kubyaza ibisubizo by’amashanyarazi ku baturage mu cyakabaye ari icyago kuri bo.
Ngira ngo urabona ko gaze metane atari icyago nk’uko byagaragaraga mbere y’uko habonekamo igisubizo.
Isoko z'inyandiko (Sources)
| ↑1 | Bärenbold F, Boehrer B, Grilli R, Mugisha A, von Tümpling W, Umutoni A, et al. (2020) No increasing risk of a limnic eruption at Lake Kivu: Intercomparison study reveals gas concentrations close to steady state. PLoS ONE 15(8): e0237836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237836 |
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| ↑2 | Schmid, M., Halbwachs, M., Wehrli, B., & Wüest, A. (2005). Weak mixing in Lake Kivu: new insights indicate increasing risk of uncontrolled gas eruption. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 6(7). |
