Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu bakora ibintu byinshi bahereye ku byo batekereza, ibyo bumva ndetse n’uko bafata ibyemezo. Hari abatekereza ko imyitwarire y’umuntu ituruka gusa ku burere yakuriyemo cyangwa ku muryango akomokamo.
Ubwonko ni igice cy’umubiri gifite akamaro gakomeye cyane kuko ari cyo kiyobora imikorere y’ibindi bice byose by’umubiri. Burya ni bwo buyobora byinshi mu byo umuntu akora,ndetse n’ibyemezo afata.
Iyo bwakiriye amakuru runaka, burayasesengura bugahita butanga igisubizo kigena icyo umuntu agomba gukora. Ese ibi bisobanuye iki mu myitwarire yacu ya buri munsi? Ni gute ubwonko bubigiramo uruhare.
Reka tuganire ku bintu byerekana uko ubwonko bw’umuntu bugira uruhare mu mikorere ye.
Kubika amakuru
Gutunganya no kubika amakuru umuntu akenera mu buzima bwa buri munsi niko kamaro k’ibanze k’ubwonko. Bubika amakuru mu buryo butandukanye, kwibuka, kwibagirwa, kuyobora, n’ibindi byinshi.
Ubwonko bufite ubushobzi budasanzwe mu kubika amakuru. Urubuga rwa Clinical Neurology Specialists rugaragaza ko ubwonko bufite ubushobozi bwa petabyte 2.5 (ubwo ni gigabyte miliyoni 2.5). Birashoboka cyane ko byaba binarenzeho.
Ni ukuvuga ngo bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru menshi, ariko buhitamo bukabika ay’ingenzi kurusha andi bitewe n’uburyo uyakoresha.
Kutagerageza guha amakuru yose agaciro kangana, bifasha ubwonko mu mikorere. Ni nk’uko imashini iyo ibitse amakuru menshi idakora neza, nabwo ni uko. Aho butandukaniye ni uko bwo bwigenera igihe cyo gutesha agaciro amakuru igihe adakenewe cyane.
Ubwonko bubika hafi amakuru yifashishwa cyane cyangwa y’ingirakamaro mu buzima bw’umuntu, urugero nk’inzira ukunda kunyuramo kenshi. Muri macye, ibintu bigaruka kenshi mu mibereho yawe.
Icyakora ubwonko ntibusiba amakuru mu buryo bwa burundu, ahubwo uko amakuru atakaza agaciro niko buyashyira mu ndiba yabwo. Bivuze ngo birashoboko cyane kwibuka amakuru ayo ariyo yose, ikigoye ni ukumenya isiri (clue) wabuha kugira ngo buyagarure.
Gufata ibyemezo
Mu mibereho ya buri munsi, gufata ibyemezo ni igikorwa gihoraho ku muntu. Ibyo byemezo bishobora kuba ibyoroshye, nko guhitamo ibyo kurya, cyangwa bikaba bikomeye bifata igihe nko guhitamo umushinga ubyara inyungu.
Ubwonko ni bwo busesengura amakuru yose afitanye isano n’ibyemezo. Iyo ufata ibyemezo birumvikana ko bugiramo uruhare, kuko nibwo bubika amakuru y’amahitamo kugira ngo ubashe kugereranya inyungu n’ingaruka zayo. Muri uko kubika amakuru, nk’uko bitangazwa na kaminuza ya Harvard, bugufasha kwegeranya amakuru y’ingenzi kugira ngo ugere ku mwanzuro uhamye.
Urugero, mu gihe ubonye amafaranga yo gukora umushinga ubyara inyungu, ubwonko bugerageza gukusanya amakuru yose ajyanye n’icyo gikorwa. Bushobora kuwibutsa abantu bakora imishinga nk’iyo kugira ngo uzababaze, abahuriyemo n’igihombo kugira ngo usesengura icyabiteye, ndetse n’ibindi byagufasha guhitamo.
Ni muri urwo rwego abantu bashobora guhabwa amahitamo amwe ariko bagafata imyanzuro itandukanye, bitewe n’amakuru ubwonko bwa buri wese bwasesenguye n’uburyo bwamufashije kuyahuza.
Amarangamutima
Ubwonko ni bwo bwakira amakuru aturutse ku byo umuntu abonye, yumvise cyangwa bimubayeho, bukayasesengura bukagena uko abyitwaramo. Ibi byose biba ku muvuduko uteye uhambaye ku buryo utanamenya ko byabaye.
Iyo ikintu kikubayeho, nibwo bwa mbere bugisuzuma, bukareba uburemere n’imiterere yacyo. Muri icyo gihe, bushobora gutera umuntu kugaragaza amarangamutima atandukanye. Amarangamutima ashobora kuba ibyishimo, urukundo, agahinda cyangwa uburakari.
Iyo umuntu ahuye n’ikintu kimushimishije, burekura imisemburo y’ibyishimo n’akanyamuneza. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo habaye ikintu kibabaje cyangwa kidashimishije bugena amarangamutima atuma umuntu agira agahinda cyangwa uburakari.
Ikindi kandi, bushobora gutera amarangamutima biturutse ku bandi. Urugero, umuntu ubonye umuntu ubabaye nawe ashobora kubabara cyangwa se bukamenya kumutera ibyiyumviro bitewe n’ibyo abona, yumva, cyangwa abwiwe.
Kubera ko ubwonko bwacu budasesengura amakuru kimwe, abantu bagira amarangamutima mu buryo butandukanye. Niyo mpamvu abantu bashobora kunyura mu bintu bimwe ariko bakabyakira mu buryo butandukanye, kuko ubwonko bwa buri wese bwasesenguye icyo kintu mu buryo bwihariye.
Aha niho buhuriza hamwe amarangamutima n’imyitwarire y’uwo muntu.
Imico n’imyitwarire
Uzarebe iyo uhuye n’icyago gitunguranye uko uhita ushaka kugihunga mu buryo utateganyije, ni ibintu byikora. Ubwonko butanga ikimenyetso kihuse gituma umuntu uhunga cyangwa wirwanaho (“fight or flight” mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza) bidasabye gutekereza cyane.
Ubwonko ni bwo bugena uko umuntu yitwara n’imico agaragaza mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ni na bwo bugena uko umuntu yakira amakuru n’uko yitwara.
Ubwonko ni nabwo bugena ingeso n’imico. Iyo umuntu asubiramo igikorwa runaka inshuro nyinshi, bukibika hafi ku buryo kugikora bidasaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kugitekerezaho. Nyuma y’igihe, ubwo bumenyera icyo kintu, bukakigira amakuru y’ingenzi aribyo bivamo umuco cyangwa ingeso.
Urugero, umaze nk’icyumweru ubyuka ugahita ureba kuri telefoni yawe, ubwonko butondeka muri ubwo buryo ku buryo ukibyuka buhita bukwibutsa kureba kuri telefoni. Urundi rugero, nk’umuntu wamenyereye kubeshya iyo ahuye n’ikibazo, bwo bumenyera ko ibibazo bikemurwa no uguhimba amakuru. Ikindi kandi bugena imyitwarire n’imigirire.
Mu myitwarire, nk’uko twabibonye, ubwonko busesengura ibimenyetso abona cyangwa yumva bukagena uburyo abyitwaramo. Kandi imico ishobora guhinduka uko umuntu agenda anyura mu buzima, bitewe n’uko bwiga bukanatondeka amakuru y’imyitwarire.
N’ubwo uburere n’ibidukikije bifite uruhare, ubwonko ni bwo buhuza ibyo byose bukabihindura imyitwarire twe tubona ku muntu. Niyo mpamvu abantu bashobora kuba barakuriye mu buzima bumwe ariko ugasanga umwe azi gusabana n’abantu ariko undi akunda kuba wenyine.
Umusozo
Ubwonko bw’umuntu bufatwa nk’umuyobozi mukuru w’umubiri, kuko ari bwo bugena kandi bugahuza imikorere y’ibitekerezo, imyanzuro n’imyitwarire y’ubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Binyuze mu bushobozi bwabwo bwo kwakira, gusesengura no gutunganya amakuru, bugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo umuntu abona isi n’uko yitwara mu bihe bitandukanye.
N’ubwo uburere umuntu ahabwa, umuco akuriramo n’ibyo anyuramo mu buzima bigira uruhare mu kumuhindura, ubwonko ni bwo shingiro ry’imyitwarire agaragaza. Ni bwo butuma umuntu afata ibyemezo, agira amarangamutima n’ingeso.
Nk’uko ushobora kuba ubitekereza, ni bwo butuma dutekereza. Budufasha guhitamo, kwibuka, kugira amarangamutima ndetse no kumenya uko twitwara mu bihe bitandukanye.
