Kugeza uyu munsi imbuga nkoranyambaga zigize igice kinini cy’ubuzima bw’abatuye isi n’abanyarwanda by’umwihariko.
Izi mbuga usanga zinafatiye runini benshi. Usibye kuba zarabaye ihuriro n’uburyo bw’itumanaho no kumenya amaku, bamwe banazibyaza amafaranga.
Ibyegeranyo bya Manochi na DataReportal bigaraza ku kugeza muri Mata 2026 ku mbuga nkoranyambaga habaruyeho konti zisaga miliyari 5.79.
N’ubwo zikoreshwa n’abanyarwanda benshi usanga zaravukiye mu bindi bihugu byo ku yindi migabane. Ariko se wakibaza uti ‘izi mbuga zavutse zite?’.
Izi mbuga zitandukanye cyane n’uko zatangiye zimeze, ndetse zimwe na zimwe zanahinduye icyo zari zigamije zigitangira. Ikindi ni uko ba nyirazo bagiye bazigurisha.
Muri iyi nyandiko twifuje kugusangiza uburyo n’igihe izi mbuga zavukiye. Inyinshi muri zo usanga zikomoka ku mugabane wa Amerika ahazwi cyane ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga nka Silicon Valley.
YouTube
YouTube ni urubuga nkoranyambaga rw’amashusho (video), rukaba narwo ruri mu mbuga zihambaye cyane ku isi cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’amashusho.
YouTube yashinzwe n’abantu batatu aribo Chad Hurley, Jawed Karim, na Steve Chen. Aba bose bari abakozi ba PayPal, ikigo gitanga serivisi zo guhererekanya amafaranga, ubwo bayitangiraga.
Mu mwaka wa 2005 nibwo uru rubuga barushyize hanze ariko ruri mu cyiciro cy’igerageza (beta version). Iki gitekerezo cyaturutse ku mbogamizi umwe muri aba ba rwiyemezamirimo yabuze ahantu nahamwe yareba amashusho y’umwuzure wabaye mu Buhinde mu 2004 kuri murandasi.
Aha niho aba batatu bigiriye inama yo gutangiza uru rubuga mu rwego rwo gukemura icyo kibazo. Kugeza uyu munsi YouTube ibitse amashusho atabarika. Nk’uko uru rubuga rubitangaza, ku mpuzandengo, ku munsi abantu bashyira kuri YouTube amashusho abarirwa muri miliyoni 200.
Facebook ni rwo rubuga nkoranyambaga rukoreshwa n’abantu benshi ku isi ndetse iza no kugura izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga turi bubone kuri uru rutonde.
Facebook nk’igitekerezo yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2004 ubwo Mark Zuckerberg yari umunyeshuri. Zuckerberg yatekereje umushinga wo guhuza abantu kuri murandasi ubwo yigaga muri kaminuza Harvard.
Facebook yagiye igira amazina menshi. Izina rya mbere ry’igitekerezo cya Facebook ni urubuga rwitwaga Facemash uru rubuga rwari rugamije kugereranya uburanga bw’abanyeshuri ba Harvard.
Kubera rwari runyuranyije n’amategeko byari biviriyemo Zuckerberg kwirukanwa. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe (2005), uyu wari umunyeshuri yatangiye urundi rubuga arwita TheFacebook.
Nanone nyuma y’umwaka aruhindurira izina arwita Facebook, ari naryo zina ry’urubuga kugeza magingo aya.
Ibi bikorwa ntabwo Zuckerberg yabikoraga wenyine. Mu gihe Facebook yashingwaga Zuckerberg yari afatanyije n’abandi banyeshuri bagenzi be barimo Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughes, na Andrew McCollum.
Icyakora nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urubuga rwa Facebook, McCollum ntabwo ari mu mazina y’abashinze Facebook ariko hari amakuru agaragaza ko nawe arimo.
Facebook yaje no kwigarurira izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye ihinduka Meta Platforms, Inc.
Instagram nayo ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane n’abantu mu gusakaza amashusho n’amafoto. Uru rubuga rwashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 na ba rwiyemezamirimo babiri ari bo, Kevin Systrom na Mike Krieger.
Instagram nayo yatangiriye muri Amerika. Nyir’igitekerezo Systrom yari afite urubuga rwitwa Burbn rutaje gutanga umusaruro nk’uko byari byitezwe.
Uyu rwiyemezamirimo kandi yari yarakoze muri Google kuva mu 2006 asoje amashuri ye muri kaminuza ya Stanford.
Yagize igitekerezo cya Instagram ubwo yari mu biruhuko muri Mexico umukunzi we akajya yanga kumuha amafoto kuko atasaga neza.
Systrom yaje guhura na Kreiger batangira umushinga wa Instagram mu 2010. Mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri (2012) gusa uru rubuga rwaguzwe na Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc.) kuri miliyari 1 y’amadolari.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa na Statista, Instagram kugeza ubu ikoreshwa n’abantu bakabakaba miliyari 3.
X (Twitter)
X nayo ni urubuga nkoranyambaga rukoreshwa n’abantu benshi kugeza ubu rukaba rutunzwe n’umuherwe Elon Musk.
Uru rubuga rwashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2006, rutangijwe na ba rwiyemeza mirimo bane. Igitekerezo cy’ibanze cyazanywe na Jack Dorsey wakoraga mu kigo cya Odeo cyakoraga ibiganiro (podcast).
Iki gitekerezo cyashyigikiwe na bagenzi be bo ari bo Noah Glass, Christopher Isaac, na Evan Williams. Batangiye uru rubuga rufite izina rya Twittr, ariko Glass aza gutanga igitekerezo ko rwakitwa Twitter.
Uru rubuga rwatangiye rukoreshwa n’abakozi ba Odeo gusa ariko nyuma ruza gushyirwa ku mugaragaro aho buri wese yarukoresha.
Iri zina ntiryahindutse kuva mu 2006 kugera mu 2022. Ubwo umuherwe Elon Musk yaguraga burundu uru rubuga ku kayabo ka miliyari 44 z’amadolari, yahise aruhindurira izina arwita X.
Kuva yagurwa n’uyu muherwe, X yagize impinduka nyinshi zidasanzwe n’ubwo bidakuraho ko igikoreshwa n’abantu benshi cyane.
TikTok
TikTok nirwo rubuga rumaze igihe gito mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane kugeza ubu. Uru rubuga ni narwo rubuga urebye rutatangiriye muri Amerika mu zikoreshwa cyane ku isi.
TikTok yashinzwe mu 2016 ihereye ku gitekerezo cy’urubuga Douyin, mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Yashinzwe n’urubuga ByteDance kugeza n’ubu rukiyifitemo imigabane.
Igitekerezo cyayo kwari ukwagura Douyin ikajya ku ruhando mpuzamahanga. TikTok na Douyin bihuje neza neza imiterere ariko Douyin yo ikoreshwa mu bushinwa gusa. Izi mbuga zombi ni iza ByteDance.
TikTok yahujwe n’urubuga rwa Musical.ly ari byo byakoze TikTok ya none binatuma yaguka vuba.
Snapchat
Snapchat nayo ni urubuga rukoreshwa na benshi ku isi ariko higanjemo urubyiruko.
Uru rubuga rwashinzwe na ba rwiyemezamirimo Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, na Reggie Brown. Kimwe na Facebook, aba basore batatu bari abanyeshu muri kaminuza ya Stanford.
Uyu mushinga bawutangiye mu mwaka wa 2012 aba ari nabwo bawushyira hanze. Uru rubuga rwashinzwe rwitwa Pocaboo, nyuma gato ruhinduka Snapchat tuzi ubu.
Icyakora siko bose bawukomezanyije, kuko Brown wari wazanye imbanzirizamushinga yirukanywe rugikubita.
LinkedIn ni urubuga nkoranyambaga rwashinzwe rugamije guhuza abanyamwuga mu buryo butandukanye.
LinkedIn yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2002 ku gitekerezo cya Reid Hoffman na Eric Ly. N’ubwo aba babiri ari bo bari ku ruhembe rw’abayitangije ariko hari abandi bantu batandukanye babigizemo uruhare, ariko ntibavugwa cyane.
Icyo gihe Hoffman na Ly bose bari ba rwiyemezamirimo mu bigo bashinze. Aba bombi kandi nabo bari bariganye muri Kaminuza ya Stanford.
Kugeza ubu LinkedIn nirwo rubuga rwa mbere rukoreshwa mu isi y’ubunyamwuga.
N’ubwo WhatsApp ifite imikorere nk’iy’imbuga nkoranyambaga n’ubwo ikoreshwa mu buryo buziguye igereranyije n’izindi.
WhatsApp yashinzwe mu 2009 na Brian Acton and Jan Koum. Nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa WhatsApp, aba bombi bakoreraga ikigo cya Yahoo. Bayitangiza nk’igitekerezo cyo kugenzura niba umuntu ari ku kazi cyangwa ari gukoresha telefone.
Nyuma yo gutangiza uru rubuga abantu batangiye kurwifashisha nk’uburyo bwo kuvugana no gutebya. Ibi byatumye Koum na Acton bongeramo uburyo bw’itumanaho ry’ubutumwa.
Kubera ubwamamare bwa WhatsApp, mu 2014 Meta Platforms, Inc. (Facebook Inc. y’icyo gihe) yaguze uru rubuga. Nk’uko bitangazwa na Meta, yayiguze ku kayabo ka miliyari 16 z’amadolari, ariko ubundi bushakashatsi bwemeza miliyari 19 z’amadolari.
Kugeza n’ubu WhatsApp iracyakoreshwa cyane ku isi no mu Rwanda.
Umusozo
Hari izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga tutabashije kwegeranya kuri uru rutonde kubera zidakoreshwa cyane mu Rwanda.
Urugero wavuga nka Reddit, ntabwo ari urubuga usanga rutamenyerewe cyane mu Rwanda. Izindi mbuga nka Substack ntabwo zirashinga imizi mu Rwanda n’ubwo hari bamwe usanga bazikoresha.
Nk’uko twabivuzeho, imbugankoranyambaga hafi ya zose usanga zikomoka muri Amerika ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu. Ikindi ni uko usanga ari imishinga isaba agatubutse kugira ngo itangire kandi inabyara amafaranga menshi igihe iteye imbere.
