Ubwato bwa rutura bugezweho bwa RMS Titanic bwatangiye kubakwa kuri 31 z’ukwa gatatu mu 1909, muri Harland na Wolff Shipyard muri Belfast mu gihugu cya Ireland.
Imirimo yo kubwubaka yasojwe mu 1912 ari nawo mwaka bwatangiriyemo urugendo rutazigera rwibagirana mu mateka y’isi kubera ibyago bikomeye bwagiriye nzira.
Bwari bwarakorewe kuba ubwato bwa mbere bunini bw’imyidagaduro (luxurious) ku isi bwatwaye asaga miliyoni 7.5 z’amadolari mu kubwubaka.
Ubu bwato kandi bwari bufite umurambararo wa metero 269.1, uburebure bwa metero 53.3 and n’ubutambike bwa metero 28 bukanapima toni 46,328.
Indi nkuru wasoma: Impanuka zikomeye z’inganda mu mateka y’isi.
Igice cyo hasi cya Titanic cyari kirimo ahagenewe imizigo, imashini zitwara ubwato ndetse n’iz’izitanga umuriro mu bwato.
Hejuru y’ubu bwato kandi niho hari ikiraro (aho abantu binjirira), akazu k’ababutwara ndetse n’ubundi bwato bw’ubutabazi.
Igice cyo hagati cy’ubu bwato hari hari ibice byagenewe abagenzi; icyiciro cya mbere (first class), icya kabiri (second class) ndetse n’icya gatatu (third class) hagendewe ku mikoro.
Ubu bwato bwari buri ku rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo icyiciro cya kabiri muri Titanic cyashoboraga kuba ari icya mbere mu yandi mato yari ariho icyo gihe.
Titanic yari irimo abagenzi bagera ku 2,240 kandi b’ingeri zose kuva kubaherwe kugeza ku baciriritse aribo babarizwaga mu cyiciro cya gatatu.
Indi nkuru wasoma: Amateka ya Ferruccio ‘Lamborghini’
Iyi hotel yari imeze nka hotel kuko yari irimo ahagenewe gukorerwa siporo (gym), aburiro (dining saloons), isomero (reading room), ahagenewe kwiyogosheshereza (barbershop), akanya ko gukiniramo indi mikino (squash court) ndetse na pisine (swimming pool).
Ubwato bwatwaye utundi twato duto 20 twari tugenewe ubutabazi, gusa bwari bunafite ubushobozi bwo gutwara utwato 64.
White Star Line yahisemo gutwara utwato ducye kubera ko amategeko yavugaga ko icyo twari tumaze kwari ukujyana abagenzi ku yandi mato y’ubutabazi mu gihe cy’ibyago (bateganyaga ko bwari kujya bujyenda bugaruka).
Ubu bwato kandi benshi bavugaga ko budashobora kurohama kubera ko bwari bugizwe n’ibice 16 bidashobora gutambutsa amazi (watertight compartments), kandi ko byashobokaga ko mu gihe ibice 4 byashoboraga kuzura amazi ubu bwato bwari kuguma hejuru y’amazi.
Indi nkuru wasoma: Ubutumwa bwihishe inyuma y’ibirango by’inganda zikomeye ku isi.
Byagenze gute ngo ubwato bwafatwaga nk’ubudakorwaho burohame mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya?
Icyago cyo kurohama kwa Titanic
Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 10 Mata, 1912 nibwo abagenzi batangiye kwinjira muri ubu bwato mu mujyi wa Southampton mu Bwongereza abantu benshi bahururiye kureba uko ubwo bwato buhaguruka.
Saa sita zuzuye z’amanywa Titanic yatangiye urugendo rwayo ku itegeko rya Kapiteni Edward Smith. Bwagombaga kandi guhagarara i Cherbourg mu bufaransa na Queenstown muri Ireland gufata abandi bagenzi noneho bugatangira urugendo rugana mu mujyi wa New York banyuze mu nyanja ya Atlantic.
Ku italiki 14 z’ukwa kane 1912, abashinzwe ubu bwato bari bakiriye ubutumwa bubaburira ibyerekeye ibibuye binini by’urubura (Icebergs) ariko kapiteni Smith yakomeje kugenderra ku muvuduko usanzwe.
Uko bwakomeje kwira niko amazi yakomeje gukonja cyane kandi nta rumuri rw’ukwezi rero byari bigoye ku batwaraga ubwato kugira ngo babone amabuye y’urubura bashoboraga guhura nayo.
Indi nkuru wasoma: Ibintu utari uzi kuri La Casa de Papel.
Saa tanu na mirongo ine z’ijoro (11:40 P.M.) uwarebereraga ubwato Frederick Fleet yabonye ikibuye cy’urubura ari hejuru y’ubwati, yahise avuza inzogera anahamagara abari ku cyambu cy’ubwato avuga cyane ko abonye ibuye ry’urubura imbere.
Abashinzwe gutwara ubwato bahise bihutira kubukatisha babuhungisha icyo kibuye ariko amazi yari yarenze inkombe birangira bagonzeho ubwato ndetse indiba y’ubwato (hull) icikamo utwobo ndetse n’uduce dufata igisenge cy’indiba (deck).
Icyakora ako kanya abagenzi bari mu bwato ntago bumvishe ko bwagonze ndetse n’abayoboraga ubwato basa n’abiruhutsa ariko burya nibwo ibyago byari bitangiye.
Saa tanu na mirongo itanu z’ijoro kapiteni smith n’uwari ushinzwe imyubakire y’ubwato (architect) bajya kureba ko ubwato butaba bwagize ikibazo, bahise bamenya ko mu gihe cya vuba ubwato buri butangire kurohama kubera ko ibice 6 muri bya bindi 16 byatangiye kuzura.
Saa sita zuzuye (12:00 A.M.) abakapiteni batangiye guhamagara ku maradiyo kugira ngo barebe ko hari ubwato babona hafi aho, ari nako batanze amabwiriza y’uko abagenzi batangira kwinjizwa muri twa twato tw’ubutabazi.
Saa sita na makumyabiri n’itanu (12:25 A.M.) abagenzi batangiye kwinjizwa muri twa twato gusa ku bw’ibyago hari hari utwato twabasha kwakira kimwe cya kabiri cy’abagenzi bose ba Titanic.
Gusa muri icyo gihe abagenzi bamwe na bamwe bari bataramenya ibiri kuba ndetse n’akavuyo bituma ubwato bwa mbere bw’ubutabazi butwara igice cy’ubushobozi bw’abantu bwagatwaye.
Ofisiye wa mbere Murdoch yatanze itegeko rivuga ko abagore n’abana aribo bagomba kubanza gushyirwa mu mato y’ubutabazi.
Muri icyo gihe ubwato bwa RMS Carpathia bwakiriye ubutumwa bwa Titanic buhita butangira kwerekeza aho yari iri kugira ngo itabare abagenzi. Urumuri rwarashwe mu kirere mu gufasha andi mato kumenya aho ubwato bwarohamaga buri.
Saa saba z’ijoro (01:00 A.M.) mu gihe ibindi bice byindiba y’ubwato byakomezaga kurengerwa n’igice cyose cy’imbere cy’ubwato cyahise cyibira munsi mazi. Amazi yari yatangiye kwinjira mu bwato ku muvuduko mwinshi wikubye inshuro nyinshi.
Ubwoba n’igishyika byatangiye kuba byose mu bagenzi noneho kuri iyi nshuro n’abagenzi bari bamenye neza ko bari hagati y’urupfu n’ubuzima.
Bamwe muri bo batangiye kurwanira gukiza ubuzima binjira muri twa twato duto naho abandi bo bari bemeye urwaje cyangwa se bagaha imyanya abagaragazaga intege nke.
Saa munani n’iminota itanu (02:05 A.M.) ubwato bwa nyuma butabara bwari bujyanye abantu, nyamara ariko mu bwato hari hasigayemo abantu 1,500 mu gihe ubwato bwari butangiye gucurama abaturage benshi baguye mu mazi akonje ku kigero kiri munsi ya zero.
Ku isaha ya saa munani n’iminota cumi n’irindwi, kapiteni yavuze ko buri muntu atangira kwirwanaho, muri icyo gihe igice cy’inyuma cyaracitse kiratandukana kinamanuka munsi y’inyanja hasigara icy’imbere nacyo ariko kimeze nabi.
Nyuma y’icyo gihe ntawuzi neza uko ibya Kapiteni Smith ibye byarangiye kuko inkuru zitandukanye zivuga urupfu rwe ukwinshi ariko ntago umurambo wigeze ugaragara.
Muri icyo gihe abantu benshi bararohamye n’abashoboye kuguma hejuru y’amazi bapfuye bazize ubukonje bukabije (Hypothermia).
Titanic yakomeje kurasa urumuri rutabaza (Distress flares). Saa cyenda n’igice za mu gitondo (03:30 A.M.) nibwo Carpathia yabonye urwo rumuri rutabaza rwa Titanic bahita baza gutabara, ubu bwato bwa Carpathia bwageze ahabereye iyi mpanuka ahagana saa kumi za mu gitondo (04:00 A.M.).
Ubu bwato bwahise butwara abari barokotse, abagenzi 705 nibo barokotse iki cyago naho abarenga 1,500 bahasiga ubuzima.
Umusozo
Mu mpanuka ya Titanic umubare munini w’abarokotse ni abagore n’abana nk’uko twabyerekanye hejuru nibo babanje guhabwa imyanya mu twato tw’ubutabazi.
Kugeza magingo aya nta muntu n’umwe warokotse Titanic ukiriho kuko hashize imyaka 109 ibi bibaye, biragoye ko hari uwaba yaragejeje aha.
Milvina Dean niwe muntu wavuye ku isi byanyuma mu barokotse impanuka ya Titanic afite imyaka 97 mu 2009, akaba ari nawe wari umuntu muto mu barokotse kuko impanuka iba yari uruhinja rw’amezi 2.
Wakoze gusoma iyi nkuru, niba ukunze iyi nyandiko cyangwa se ufite igitekerezo ushaka kongeraho, wasiga ubutumwa muri comment ahagana hasi tukungurana ibitekerezo.
Niba ukunda inyandiko za Menya ushobora kujya umenyeshwa muri Email yawe mu gihe inyandiko nshya zasohotse bitakugoye. Nyura muri form iri munsi!
